And emil germann



(No Model.) 9 Sheets-Sheet 2.

C. L. BUOKING'HAM 85 E. GERMANN.

PRINTING TELEGRAPH.

No. 544,347. Patented Aug. 13; 1895 Jig. ,2.

(No Model.) 9 Sheets-Sheet 3.

G.'L. BUGKINGHAM & E. GERMANN.

' PRINTING TELEGRAPH.

No. 544,347. v Patented Au 13,1895.

I'VE/4 (No Model.) 9 Sheets-Sheet 4. C. L. BUOKINGHAM 81; E. GBRMANN. PRINTING TELEGRAPH.

Patnted Aug. 13,1895.

No Model.) 9 sheets -sheet 5 O. L. BUOKINGHAM &"E. GERMANN. PRINTING TELEGRAPH.

No. 544,347. Patented An .13, 1895.

(No Model.) v 9 sheets-Sheets. G. L. BUGKINGHAM 81; E. GBRMANN.

PRINTING TELEGRAPH. No. 544,347.

9 SheetsSheet 8. 0. L. BUOKINGHAM 8: E. GERMANN.

PRINTING TELEGRAPH. No. 544,347. Patented Aug. 13, 1895.

(No'ModeL) ml llllllllll-lllll I I co bee {o oo poooo I l :9; cu oqo oqcocngooooo (No Model.) 9 Sheets-Sheet 9.

G. L. BUCKINGHAM 8: 3. GERMANN.

- PRINTING TELEGRAPH.

No. 544,347. Patented Aug. 13,1895.

wi wwowq 5444; can/tou UNITED STATES PATE T @Frrcn.

CHARLES L. BUOKINGHAll/L'OF NEW YORK, AND EMIL GERMANN, OF BROOK- LYN, NEW YORK; SAID GERMANN ASSIGNOR TO SAIDBUCKINGHAM.

PRINTING-TELEGRAPH.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 544,347, dated August 13, 1895.

- Application filed January 10, 1895- Serial No. 534,480. (No model.)

To all whom zit may concern.-

Be it known that we, CHARLES L. BUCK- INGHAM, a residentof New York, in the county of New York, and EMIL GERMANN, a resident of Brooklyn, in the county of Kings, State of New York, citizens of the United States, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Printing-Telegraphs, of which the following is a specification.

[O The present invention relates mainly to a modification in the construction of electric devices termed sunflowers, and which as ordinarily constructed have a rotating arm, which carries a circuit-closing spring over a ring of insulated contacts for the purpose of closing in rapid succession a number of separate circuits or branches. Such a device is employed in many situations and in'some cases, as, for instance, in the printing-tele- .20 graph system patented to Charles L. Buckingham December 13, 1892, No. 487,982, wherein. it is employed to close in succession the circuits of selector-relays which govern the action of type-wheel-adjusting devices, must operato at very high speed.

e -Our present invention consists mainly in a novelconstruction of electric distributer applicable for use in the printing-telegraph system referred to, as Well as in other situations,

0 and is designed toproduce an instrument not only capable of operation at high speed, but also compact and reliable in operation and accessible and convenient for repair.

Other parts of the invention relate to the 5 unison-stop devices for the distributer, wherei by it may be caused to always begin its cycle of changes at the same or zero point, to the means for securing a rapid action of the magnetic devices which operate the escapement devices for the distributor, and to local-circuit arrangements of the several magnets which vibrate the escapement, control the unison-stop, and govern the action of the relay-magnets, whose circuits are closed in succession by the distributer, and which in turn govern the operation of the adjusting mechanisms, different ones of which singly or in combination must be operated for the different characters to be printed.

We shall herein describe our invention as applied to a printing-telegraph receiver wherein a type-wheel having several rings of type is adjusted into the positions for printing its difterent characters by a series of adjuster-magnets, operating singly or in com- 5 bination, after the manner described in the patent of Charles L. Buckingham, No. 487,982.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure l is a general side elevation of a distributer constructed in accordance with our'invention. 5o Fig.2 is a general plan of the same. Fig. 3 is a sectional plan on the line :0 w of Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a vertical section through the escapement and other wheels of the distributer and shows the spring connection of the same with their driving shaft or wheel. Fig. 5 is a longitudinal section on the line 00 41;", Fig. 4, through the barrel containing the spring. Fig. 6 is a perspective view of one of the circuit-closer rock-shafts for the distributer. Fig. 7 is a general vertical section through the receiver apparatus. Fig. 8 is an enlarged plan of the paper-feed mechanism. Fig; 9 is a rear elevation of the same. Fig. 10 is a vertical cross-section on the line 00 00 of Fig. 9. Fig. 11 is a vertical cross-section on the line 00 .20 of Fig. 9. Fig. 12 is a detail side elevation of mechanism for swinging the frame carrying the paper-feed Wheel at the end of each line of printing. Fig. 13 is an enlarged 8o longitudinal vertical section through the cylinder on which the paper tube rotates and shows in elevation the paper-feed mechanism. Fig. 14; is a cross-section through the tube on the line 00 m Fig. 13. Fig. 15 is a section through the spring connection between the driving-shaft ot' the feed mechanism and the motive power. Fig. 16 is a detail plan and partial section of the unison -stop for the paper-feed escapement-wheels. Fig. 17 is an enlarged side view of the devices controlling the position of the axial feed-pad. Fig. 18 is l a plan of mechanism that may be employed for moving the type-wheel axially. Fig. 19 illustrates the relative position of two paper 5 tubes at or about the end of the printing of a page upon one of them. Fig. 20 is a diagrammatical view of means for transmitting the positive and negative impulses suitable for operating and controlling the distributer 1C0 and the connected apparatus. Fig. 21 is a general diagram of the connections of the apparatus at the receiving end of the line.

A is the main frame in which the various parts of the dlstributer are mounted, and is the d riving-motor by which power is applied to the escapement of the distributor or suntlower. The motor may be an electric motor or any other driving power.

K is a vertical shaft, to which B is geared through a bevel-gear, as indicated.

K is the escapement-wheel shaft of the dis tributer, and 2 the escapement-wheel mounted thereon. Shaft K carries a pinion that gears with wheel 11,1oose on shaftK,but frictionally connected therewith by means of a spiral spring 15,0ne end of which is fixed to wheel 11, while its otherend rubs against the inside of abarrel13 fixed to shaft K. By this means the driving power is frictionally connected with the actuating-wheel for the distributer and with the escapement-wheel. The latter is of any desired character so that all of the local circuits are made and broken in succession, each make and break of one taking place between the similar complete operation of the circuit-controllers, which act in the circuits coming before and after it in the electric series. Injother words, a complete operation of the controller necessary to change the condition of each branch from normal and back to normal takes place in the one movement to the operating-wheel allowed by one movementto orfro of the controlling 01' escapement lever. An anchor escapement is shown, a being the anchor, which is vibrated by an electro magnet. or magnets O, to be presently described. The anchor is attached to the rockshaft 16, which carries the armature or armatures S for said electromagnet.

The improved distributer herein described is especially constructed for rapid operation and for accessibility and certainty of action. To obtain rapidity of operation the cycle of circuit changes which the distributer is required to produce should be repeated a comparatively large number of times in one whole revolution of the sunflower. It is found in practice that under conditions of actual use a trailer, as heretofore employed, is not satisfactory for the purpose. The distributeror sunflower herein described dispenses with a trailer, gives accessibility for repair and adjustment, and admits of very rapid operation. To these ends a number of rock-shafts are employed, each carrying two arms, one of which is a circuit closing and breaking arm, the other of which is the actuating-arm engaged or operated by pins or lugs on a wheel carried by the shaft K. By preference the pins are secured in the face of the escapewheel 2, as indicated at c. The rockshafts (indicated at 17) are mounted in suitable bearings on the frame. At the lower end they are provided with the arms 18 for engagement by the pins 0. At their upperends they carry the circuit-closing arms d. Each of the latter is preferably made as a blade-spring projecting from a collar fastened to the shaft 17 by a screw 14 and circumferentially adjustable, whereby the relation of the circuitclosing arms to the actuating-arms below may be adjusted for the purpose of obtaining a closure of circuit at the proper time in the operation of the rocker by the lugs acting on the arms below. Contact-pins upon which the arms 61 close and break circuit are indicated atf, the latter being mounted in posts set in insulating-bushings in the plate 20. The pinsf form, respectively, the terminals or poles of circuits to be closed one at a time in rapid succession, after the manner of the ordinary sunflower circuits or branches. The arms (1 form the other terminals or poles, being in electrical connection with the plate or frame on which they are mounted or otherwise connected to the local circuits. Retractor-springs for the rockers are indicated at 21, these being blade-springs fastened to the collars carrying the arms and being kept in tension by engagement with pins or stops 22, through which the circuit of the arms is also made independently of the bearings for the rock-shafts. Back stops for the circuitclosing arms are indicated at f. The pins 0 engage with the beveled ends of arms 18, as shown, and in the movement of the escapement-wheel one half tooth or space consequent upon the movement of the anchor in one direction pass into and out of engagement with an arm 18, and thereby produce a make and break of circuit by one arm cl. For each whole movementof the anchor to and fro a make and break of one local circuit, followed by a make and break of the next local circuit in the electrical series, is produced, and on the movement of the escapewheel three whole teeth all the rockers are operated.

It will be noticed that in the same are of revolution of the distributer there is a differential number of operating pins or lugs and rocker-arms, the space between pins being less than that between the rockers and such that the rockers will be actuated in regular succession by the pins in turn. The angular space between the pins is less than that between the ends of the rocker-arms and is such that in the revolution of the actuating-wheel for the angular distance covered by the pins all the rockers will be operated.

In the arrangement of the pins shown in Fig. 3 the left-hand rocker-arm in the range of six at the top of the figure is supposed to be the first one operated in a cycle of six changes, starting with the wheel in the position shown, and the next one to the right thereof to be the last one of the six operated. In this case the one at the extreme right would be the second in the cycle. As will be seen, the first one of the cycle has a pin in position to operate it when the wheel moves a one-half tooth, while other pins of: the wheel are in such position that on the successive movements of the ICC - wheel the No. 1 rocker at the extreme right this last or sixth rocker is the one which has just been left by the pin, and, as willbe seen,

is also the one which is farthest from the next pin, proceeding in the reverse direction to the direction of revolution, so that it will be the last to be operated.

It will be obvious that any rocker mightbe taken as the first of the cycle, the automatic unison-stop, however, being properly disposed to hold the wheel, as will be presently described, so that each cycle may begin at the same point.

Omitting for the time being the consideration of theposition of the unison-stop and taking the rocker at the right as the first in the cycle, it will be seen that the wheel is about to operate upon the rocker which is last in the cycle. At the beginning of the new cycle the No. 1 rocker will be operated by its pin, while the next five pins, proceeding in the direction of revolution, are in position such that the rockers will be successively actuated, the second of them by the second pin at the next step of the wheel, and so on until finally on the sixth step the last one of the six pins would actuate the final rocker. As soon as this has taken place the next pin to the right of the one that has started this cycle of actions will have moved up into position to cause the first change of circuit in a repetition of the cycle, but the last one of the six concerned in the first cycle will not be engaged in the operation, because at the last change of circuit in said cycle it will have moved out of range of the series of rocker-arms.

As will be seen, the rockers of the series Y are well spaced, and the circuit-changer parts are readily accessible for inspection and adjustment, but the six changes of circuit are produced by a movement of the wheel equivalent only to the distance from one rocker-pin to the next.

On the assumption that the distributor is to be used in the system described in the prior patent of Charles L. Buckingham for controlling five local circuits by which type- Wheel-adjusting devices may be operated singly or in various combinations and a sixth local circuit for. restoring the devices to normal or for other purpose we have shown the distributer as provided with six circuit-changers; but it will bereadily understood that the apparatus is adapted for use with a greater or less number of circuits. With an escapement-wheel having forty-five teeth and an anchor-escapement it will be seen that the cycle of changes produced by the distributor willbe repeated fifteen times for each whole revolution of the wheel, and if each main-line pulse produces one movement of the anchorescapement then the revolution of the wheel will cover ninety main-line pulses. If the distributer be used with the system of the patent before referred to, then fifteen letters or characters couldbe printed for eaclrwhole revolution of the shaft and wheel K 2.

In order to obtain apowerful and extremely rapid operation of the magnet which actuates the escapernentiever for the distributer, a double winding of the core or cores of the magnet is employed, and said windings are alternately traversed by a proper current, so as to cause the said magnet or magnets to alternate in polarity. The armature or armatures are polarized. Preferably two armatures are employed, and both are actuated in both directions by simultaneously-coacting magnet-cores. I

S indicates two soft-iron armatures oppositely polarized from any desired source. Preferably they are polarized by mounting them in the opposite poles of a permanent magnet S The armatures are fastened to the rock-shaft 16, which carries the anchorescapement a. 1

S7 is an electromagnet whose core is provided with a double winding and whose opposite poles are presented, respectively, to the armatures S at one side thereof. Through these windings currents are caused to fiow alternately and in rapid succession by the action of the main-line pulses; but in each coil the current flows in an opposite direction to the flow in the other, so-that the cores will be reversed in polarity. at each pulsation.

but at the opposite sides from the poles of S The magnet S is also double-wound and currents are caused to flow in the windings alternately, but simultaneously with the flow of currents in the two windings of-S The direction of fiow in each winding of S is such that the poles of the magnet will conspire with those of 8, when excited at the same time, to move the armatures, the poles of one attracting said armatures and the poles of the other repelling at the same time. When the current ceases inthe one set of windings and flows in the other set on the two cores, the armatures are moved in the opposite direction. The two windings of S are connected to the local similarly to those of S. It is conven ient to connect one of the two windings of one core into series circuit with one of the two windings in the other, but in such way that the polarities, when the current flows through the connected windings, shall conspire to move the armatures. The other two coils of the two cores are connected together in a similar way into the other branch of the local. 'As' the armature of the relay R moves in obedience to the reversed pulsations in the 1ine,the armature will be caused to move correspondingly and vibrate the escapement, the latter moving in one direction for a pulsation of one polarity in the main line and in the opposite direction for a pulsation of the opposite polarity. Six alternations of current on the main line will produce one cycle of changes by the distributer, since, as already explained, each six vibrations of the escapement will rotate the wheel three teeth and produce the six local connections through the distributer.

The unison-stop devices, whereby the dis tributer may be caused to always begin its cycle of changes or connections to the local circuits always at the same point in relation to the succession of main-line pulses, may be of any desired mechanical construction, but are preferably controlled by a magnet provided with two coils wound differentially or reversely. Through these coils currents are caused to flow rapidly in alternation until a pulse is prolonged or otherwise modified, so that a change may be effected therein sufficient to permit the operation of its armature. So long as the pulses are short and follow in rapid succession the current through each coil only overcomes the effect of current through the other, and as a result the core remains unaffected. hen the current is prolonged in one of them the armature is affected. This prolongation is made at the termination of any number of or of every cycle or series of main-line pulses by which the distributor is moved in order to produce a cycle of changes in thelocal connections controlled byit. Preferably the prolonged pulse is made to follow every series of pulses by which a character or letter is transmitted. There being six pulses required to produce a complete cycle of changes by the sunflower or distributer and five pulses for each letter or character transmitted, the prolonged synchronizing pulse would be the sixth pulse of a series. The unison-magnet may be polarized and will then be found to respond with great certainty and rapidity, so that no time shall be lost in making one series of pulses follow close upon another. XVhen each letter or character is transmitted by a definite number of pulses, positive and negative, the synchronizing-pulse, which is prolonged, is of always the same polarity. In practice it may be found desirable at intervals to transmit from time to time a number of series of short pulses, none of which are prolonged, each series being succeeded by the prolonged pulse. The short pulses in each series may be five or more in number and insure the movement of the apparatus to the unison-point. As the unison-stop is normally in position to engage, each series of pulses for a letter or character should'be followed by the prolonged pulse.

S is the unison-magnet. Its two soft-iron cores are polarized from the permanent magnet S to whose poles the cores are respectively attached. Each core is wound with two coils, through which currents are made to flow alternatelyin rapid succession by connecting said coils into the local circuits of the stops for the main relay, as indicated in the diagram, or by other means. Two coils (one on each core) are connected in series in one circuit, and the remaining two are similarly connected in the other circuit, and the coils are so wound or connected that each pulse in one set will assist the permanent magnetism and each pulse in the other will tend. to cut it down. The effect of the latter upon the arma' ture is ml, the retractor simply holding the armature more strongly in retracted position. The effect of the former is to momentarily increase the magnetism which would attract the armature; but the short pulses do not have time to sufficiently charge the core to pull up the armature. \Vhen prolonged, however, the armature will be drawn up and remove the unison-cateh (symbolized at b) from the path of the stop devices connected to the sunflower. In the present case the stop is shown arranged in the path of the unisonpins, consisting of teeth upon a wheel b connected to the escapement-wheel for the distributer.

As a movement of the escapement-wheel three whole teeth produces a complete cycle of local circuit changes, the teeth upon I) are made one-third in number of the teeth upon the escapement-wheel, though there might be a less number of such teeth, so that, for instance, a tooth on wheel Z1 would reach position to be locked by the unison-stop after movement of the escapement-wheel equivalent to the space of six or nine teeth of said escape-wheel. The catch orstopb is mounted on an arm Z2 attached to a rock-shaft b, to which are secured arms 1/ holding the armatu re for electromagnet S A blade-spring I) attached to arm I) and engaged by a tension-adjusting screw serves as a retractor for the armature-lever and to hold the catch in position to engage the unison-teeth of the wheel. If the transmission be by the perforated or embossed strip described in prior Patent No. 487,982, each sixth pulse would be prolonged to make a synchronizing-pulse, as indicated in Fig. 20 of the drawings, and allow the wheel to pass the unison-point to begin the new cycle. At intervalsa series of short pulses, preferably limited in number to the numberin a letter or character transmission followed by the long pulse, could be used from time to time to insure synchronism, as indicated at the end of the section of perforated strip. The prolonged pulse would in each case be that which causes the receiver to put an impulse through that one of the differential coils on S that strengthens the magnetism thereof, thereby withdrawing the stop Z) simultaneously with the movement of the escapement, which allows the wheel to move and carry the stop-tooth past the tooth. The next pulse at the beginning of the next series IIO allows the armature to fall back and the teeth 1 to move in toward the wheel in position to catch the next unison-tooth, which, however, it is prevented from doing by the. final prolonged pulse of proper polarity ending up such series as the tooth gets around to position to engage the catch. The prolonged or sixth pulse following the transmission of each character, besides operating on the synchronizingmagnet, affords also a slightlyprolonged space or interval of time in which the operation ofthe paper feeding and printing devices and the dogging'magnet and the resetting of the armatures for the selecting-relays or of other devices which are instrumental in setting the type-wheel to position for printing a character may be effected.

S in the diagram Fig. 21 is the controllingmagnet for the several selecting-relays U V W X Y, whose circuits are consecutively closed by the distributer. This magnet is preferably a double-wound magnet and the circuit of its two coils are closed alternately and in rapid succession by the action of the relay R, which is operated by the main-line pulses. For each main-line pulse a current is caused to flow through one of, the coils of magnet S. On the prolongation or strengthening of an impulse through one or the other of said coils the said magnet S becomesjexcited, so as to operate its armature and close the circuit of the selecting-relay whose circuit is at such time closed at the. distributor. If the pulses are short and follow each other in rapid succession the current through one coil only overcomes the effect of a current through the other, and as a result the core remains insufficiently magnetized. When, however, the current in either coil is prolonged its effect will quickly overcome the. effect of magnetism due to the other coil, and as a .result the relay is brought into action.

The controller-magnet S has its two coils included, respectively,in series circuitwith the two coils of the unison-magnet S and with the two coils of the electromagnet which operates the escapement of the distributer, all these said magnets being thus included in practically the same local circuit controlled from the two contacts forming, respectively, the front and back contacts of the main-line relay R. These several magnets may be thus operated all in the same local circuit without confusion, each performing the duty required of it exactly.

' The selecting-relays U V W X Y control the circuits of adjuster-magnets 1 2 3 4 5, which latter operateupon adjuster-levers and mechanisms conveniently termed followers, which are mechanically connected with the type-wheel and serve to rotate and move the same axially for the purpose of adjusting it to difieren't positions according'to the particular adjuster-magnet or combination of adjustermagnets brought into action in any one cycle of changes produced by the distributer. The selecting-relays are connected into the local circuits through the contacts f of the distributer in the order indicated.

The order of connection and operation is such that the adjuster-magnet whose follower has the greatest distance to move shall be brought into action first in the cycle of changes produced by the distributer, and so on in regular order, that adjuster-magnet whose armature has to move the least distance being controlled by the selector-relay connected to contact No. 5, which is the last one of scribed in the patent of Charles L. Buckingham, No. 487,982.

The press-magnet o is operatedonce for each cycle of changes corresponding to that bywhich a character or letterof the typewheel is set into position. Preferably this action is produced by a circuit-controller connected .to the distributer itself, as described in application of Charles L. Buckingham, Serial No. 507,673. The closure of the circuit for the press-magnet might take place at any stage of the cycle of changes produced by the distributer; but the particular vpoint in the operation of the distributer where this circuit is closed would be determined by the time required to bring the pad against the paper after the closure of circuit. This would of course depend, among other things, upon the sluggishness of the press-magnet. In any case the time of closure should be such that the press will do its work just before the resetting devices come into action to move the type-wheel back to the zero position.

t In practice the controlling-circuit for the press-magnet might be closed at the end of the fourth or the beginning of the fifthchange of circuit produced thereby, the said fifth change being that which corresponds to the adjusting mechanism which has the least distance to move and is, always the last to be brought into operation on any cycle of actions. If the circuit of the press beclosed even on the fourth, the delay in the operation of the press may in some cases be found sufficient to allow the adjustment of the type- The current on wheel corresponding to the fifth closure of circuit to take place before the press will reach the paper; but if the action of the press be quick the closure of its circuit might be coincident with the fifth change. By preferthe adjustments of the type-wheel have been made. The controlling-circuit for the press is conveniently closed by one of the actuating-pins of the distributer, which is made to operate on a circuit-closer composed of a rockshaft having circuit -closing and actuating arms similar to those already described. The actuating-arm for this shaft is indicated at 18' and the circuit-closing arm at (1 The actuating-arm is shown in position to be 0perated by a pin at or about the fifth change of circuit in each cycle of changes produced by the distributer', but might obviously be, and preferably is, arranged to operate coincidently with the sixth change.

The circuit of the press-magnet may be closed directly by the distributer mechanism; but, as ordinarily the press-magnet requires a rather heavy current, it may be found desirable to interpose a relay between the circuitcontroller and the press-magnet, the latter being in such case operated from a second local closed by the relay.

The type-wheel W',to the control of which the distributer just described may be applied, is preferably constructed with a number of rings of type, as described in prior patent of Charles L. Buckingham, No. 487,981, and may be adjusted circumferentially and axially to the different positions required for printing its characters by means of various impelling devices brought into operation successively or simultaneously in proper combinations, as described in that patent and in Patent No. 487,982. By the axial movement any desired ring of type is brought into line with the press-pad, and by the circumferential movement any desired type of that line is brought to position. By these movements, singly or in combination, any type of the several rings may be brought into position.

F G II I J, Fig. 7, are adjuster levers or arms operated by connection with the armatu'res 12 of corresponding adjuster-magnets or pairs of magnets numbered l 1 2 2 3 3 P et 5 5 Fig. 21. These arms operate upon drivers and followers of any proper construction, as described in those patents, some to rotate the wheel and others to move it axially. The means herein shown for rotating the wheel are substantially those of Patent No. 487,981, but those for procuring the axial movement are somewhat modified, being simplified, particularly in their manner of operation upon the type-wheel shaft.

to 10 20 are the axially-moving drivers upon which the arms F G II operate to rotate the type-wheel to different positions circumferentially, while i i 2' are the corresponding followers with which the drivers engage. Each of the drivers is provided, as shown, with a collar having a groove, within which project pins extending from prongs of the iinpelling-levers F G H, thereby allowing rotation of each driver under the action of other impelling devices. Each follower M 2' is provided with a spiral slot, into which takes a pin of the corresponding driver 10 10 10 so that when the driver is moved axially by the impelling-lever the follower will be compelled to rotate and thereby rotate the typewheel. Each follower is held from endwisc motion in a pawl-bearing, in which it is adapted to rotate freely. Each driver 10 10 is provided, as shown, with a pin which takes into a straight slot in the follower to the rear, whereby the driver may be moved axially without rotating the follower to the rear, while if the follower to the rear be rotated the driver ahead will be compelled to rotate with it. The extreme driver to to the right has a pinwhich takes into a straight slot in the fixed bearing, and by which it is thereby held from rotation when actuated axially by its impelling-lever. The extreme follower i to the left is connected with the type-wheel shaft, or extension thereof, by a straight slot and pin, as shown, whereby the type-wheel will be compelled to rotate with the follower 2', but may be nevertheless itself moved axially by devices to be presently described for the purpose of presenting different rings of type to the impression-pad. By preference the spiral slots in the followers upon which the impelling-levers F G operate are cut in one direction and reversely to the spiral slots in the follower t upon which impelling-lever Il operates, so that F and G will move the typewheel in one direction of rotation from position of rest, and II will move it in the other direction in case any one of said levers be moved by itself. As explained in the Patents Nos. 487,981 and 487,982, above referred to, it is by this means rendered unnecessary to rotate the wheel more than half-way in either direction to bring any type into position for printing.

By a combination of the movements of the levers the type-wheel may be caused to take any one of the positions required for printing from any particular type of a ring. The follower 1' is adapted to turn the type-wheel onehalf a revolution and under the impulse of the impelling-lever H, while the followers 1' and i turn the wheel in the opposite direction, respectively, one-quarter and one-eighth of a revolution. This proportion and combination of followers provides forbringing any one of eight types in a ring to position for printing and by a revolution of the wheel in no case more than one-half from the normal position of rest.

The impelliug or adjusting levers I J operate upon mechanism which serves to adjust the type-wheel axially to positions for printing fromditferentlringsoftype-wheel. Whcnboth are at rest in normal position the ring next to the right-hand side of the type-wheel, Fig. (i, can be printed from. lVhen lever I operates, the wheel is moved axially to the left to bring the next or extreme right-hand ring into position opposite the press-pad. Lever J oper ating alone moves the wheel the axial space of two rings to the right to bring the extreme left-hand ring into position, while if lever I be operated at the same time the wheel will be adjusted axially backward from position to print from the extreme left-hand ring, so

as to bring the next ring or left of the two inner rings into position, which latter is the position shown in the figure. As will be understood, these axial adjustments may take place simultaneously with the operations of turning the wheel by the followers at the other end of the shaft or may take place while said followers are stationary. For producing these different adjusted positions of the wheel axially by the action of the levers, singly or in combination,any meanssuch, for instance, as those described in the prior patents herein referred to-may be employed. \V'e prefer, however, to employ the following simplified means devised by us, which insure certainty and rapidity of action, but which we do not claim herein, as they form the subject of another application for patent filed by us May 20, 1895, Serial No. 549,861, wherein we have set forth the use of the device for producing, not only the axial, but the circumferential adjustment also. The distinguishing feature of this device is an arm or lever both ends of which are movable singly ortogether under the action of the two impelling devices, respectively, and each around the other as a fulcrum, while said arm or lever is itself connected to the axially-movable wheel.

42, Fig. 18, is the lever, and 43 44 the two fulcrums formed by the pivotal connections of the links 45 46 with said lever. Through the latter the adjusting or impelling devices I J operate upon the lever 42, I being connected to a lever 47, to which 46 is joined, and J to a lever 48, to which I is joined.

The type-wheel axis is connected to 42 by a short rod or piece 51, which is pinned at one" end to the lever 42 and at the other connected to the shaft or axis in such way as not to interfere with the free rotation thereof, while at the same time being adapted to move it positively backward and forward. For this purpose the piece51 is turned down, so that it may pass through the end of a bushing tapped into the hollow end of the type-wheel axis, and within the end has a head fastened to it, as shown in Fig. 23, the whole forming a simple coupling adapted to the purpose stated. Adjuster I turns the end 43 of lever- 42 about 44 as a fulcrum, so as to move the shaft the space of one ring of type in the direction of the arrow 49. Adjuster J'moves the end 44 of lever 42 about 43 as a fulcrum a distance sufficient to adjust the axis in the direction of the arrow two rings of type, in obvious manner. When both adjusters operate, the end 44 moves about 43 as a fulcrum a distance sufficient to carry the type axially two rings of type in the direction of arrow 49; but the end 43 is at the same time moved about 44 as a fulcrum, so as to carry the point of attachment of the type-wheel shaft backward in the direction of arrow 50 axially the space of one ring, and the resultant of the action is the movement of the type-wheelin the direction of arrow 49 one ring. As will be seen, the wheel may be thus moved from the normal position, in which the second ring from the right, Fig.6, is in position to print, into position to bring either of the three other rings into position over the pad. If the ring at the extreme right or left were normallyin position, it would obviously be necessary to give the wheel an extreme axial movement over three rings, and the movement of both ends of the lever 42, acting singly, would in that case "have to be in the same direction, whereas in the arrangement shown the two ends move in opposite directions and the greatest extent of movement required is over the space of two rings. The forward motion of each armF G HI J is produced by the electromagnets 1 2 3, &c. Its backward or return movement is produced by the electromagnets 1 12 3 &c., which take the place of retra'ct ing-springs by acting upon the armatures in the opposite direction to magnets 1 2 3 and are energized at the end of the transmission of each character. These magnets 1 2, &c;, insure by a positive action the restoration of the impelling devices and type-wheel to normal position. By so controlling their circuits that they shall be cut out of actionwhen the magnets l 2, 850.,- are cut in, and vice versa, the adjuster-magnets are relieved of the work of overconiingthe retractor-springs heretofore employed and a much more rapid and satisfactory operation of the adjuster mechanism may be obtained. This control of the restoring adj uster-magnets is well attained by placing them in local circuits from the back contacts of selector-magnets, which at theirfront contacts close the circuits of the adjuster or actuating magnets l 2 3, &c. In the normal position of the selector relay levers the circuits of magnets 1 2 &c., are closed and of l 2, 850., are open. hen any selector-relay is operated thearmature breaks circuit of 1 and closes circuit of 1 or 2*, thusmoving the corresponding adjuster mechanism.

When the selector magnet or relay returns to normal position by the closure in anyproper manner of a restoring-cireuit including coils upon it, then the local of l is opened and of 1 is closed.

The paper upon which the printing is done may be supported and fed as follows: C is a tubular support of brass or other suitable material having a smooth exterior surface. ,This tube serves as a support for a tubular blank, upon which the lines are printed circumferentially around the said blank, the blank being fed or moved circumferentially and axially for the purpose. The blank itself is a sheet formed into a paper tube by cementing the edges together by any suitable means. The formed tube is slid endwise upon the supporting-tube O. The latter, as shown in Fig. 19, is preferably of such length as to sup port two paper tubes at the same time, one of 'rio such tubes being that upon which the printing is being done, while the other is arranged in close proximity thereto, so as to be capable of being slipped quickly into position when or about when the first paper tube is tilled.

In the drawing Fig. 19 two tubes are indicated, that one at the right being the one upon which the characters are being printed and that at the left the one which is in position to slide beneath the type-wheel as soon as the last line on the first one has been printed. The end of the supportingtube is made slightly conical, as shown, to aid in the ready application of the formed paper tube. Sufficient space should be left at the righthand end of the tube from which end it is supported, to permit the blank when printed to be quickly slipped to one side and a fresh blank to take its place. After the latter has been moved into position for printing the first is removed from the tube by opening it on the line where the edges of the sheet are joined. The second is then fed along over the tube in the same manner from left to right, Fig. 19, this being the axial movement of the paper tube corresponding to the feed which is necessary to make the vertical space between lines on the printed page. The press-pad 17' works through an opening in the supporting-tube C beneath the type-wheel V. This pad is supported on the long arm of a bell-crank lever which is pivoted on a bracket or frame 0 fastened within the supporting-tube O, and has its shortarm connected with the armature-lever 0 of the press-magnet c bya rod or wire c extending outside the tube C through the end thereof at which it is supported on the frame of the apparatus. The magnet is operated in any suitable manner as soon as the letter is brought into position for printing, but by preference through the action of a circuit-controller, which causes said magnet to be energized once for each cycle of changes produced by a sunflower or distributer that governs the operation of the adjusting devices by which the type-wheel is fed into the desired positions, and as will be described farther on. The press-lever is retracted by a spring a applied directly thereto instead of to the armature-lever. The press-magnet is mounted on a pivoted frame 0 provided with adjusting-screws c whereby the positions of the magnet may be changed to take up slack in the wire 0 and adjust the throw of the press lever. The armature of the press-magnet is also provided with a suitable contact-spring 73, whereby when the magnet is not energized it may close the circuit of a contact-post 74, and when the magnet is energized to operate the press it will break said circuit.

In the normal position of the press the circuit by spring '73 is closed. This circuit, as

will be presently described, includes theescapement-controlling magnet for the paperfeed devices, which are preferably so organthe wheels B and l3.

ized that the feed will be allowed upon a movement of the escapement devices due to the excitation of said controlling-magnet, but not by a movement of the armature thereof which is produced by breaking, the circuit of said magnet at the contact 73.

To produce the circumferential feed of the paper tube, it is preferable to employ a friction device directly engaging with the paper tube. This device is also by preference a wheel, which remains in engagement with the paper during the printing of a line and is turned intermittently to produce the letter and word spaces.

The axial feed is produced by a device which is normally disengaged and is brought into operative engagement at the end of a line and before the beginning of the next line, the circumferential-feed device being automatically withdrawn during such axialfeed operation. The axial-feed device also by preference engages directly with the paper and consists of a friction-pad made to reciprocate after the manner of a pawl and in,a line parallel to the axis of the paper tube.

B is the circumferential feed-wheel mounted on a shaft (1 whose bearings are in any suitable support adapted to withdraw the feedwhcel from engagement with the paper. This support is herein shown as consisting of the rocking frame E, which, for convenience, is made to rock on the shaft (Z of a gear-wheel D in the train of wheels between the feedwheel L and the devices by which its inter mittent motion is produced. To insure the proper feeding of the paper tube an idler friction-wheel B may be mounted within the tubular support 0, with its edge arranged to rotate in an opening in said tube opposite feed-wheel B. The paper is grasped bet-ween A spring (1 connected to a crossbar at the rear of frame E causes the feed-wheel to grasp the paper tube with a yielding pressure. By adjusting the tension-spring, and thus varying-the pressure the extent of feed at each of the intermittent movements of the wheel may be varied. \Vith a lighter pressure a longer feed will be produced, and vice versa. A means of adjustment is afforded by a setserew (Z bearing against one arm of an elbow-lever ti the other arm of which is connected to the spring (1, as shown in Fig. 13.

D is a wheel fixed to the main or driving shaft G of the apparatus and gearing with a wheel D which in turn gears with wheel D The latter wheel gears with the pinion d on the shaft carrying the feed-wheel B. The main shaft G being governed in its movement by a feed escapement device secured to it, the desired movement of the paper is obtained both for feeding from letter to letter and from word to word, as well as from the end of one line to the beginning of the next. The escapement devices, which are constructed to produce or allow an enlarged or amplified feed movement of the feed-wheel automatically at the end of a line, thereby covering the margin of the page both at the end and beginning.

The main driving-shaft G for the paperfeed devices receives motion from any suitable motive power, as, for instance, an electric motor driving a shaft (indicated at T) which carries a bevel gear-wheel t, meshing with a gear that is loose upon the main shaft G. The wheel D, which transmits motion to the feed-wheel that rotates the paper tube, is keyed to said shaft and carries or is fastened to a barrel containing a spiral spring 25 One end of said spring is fastened to the barrel t and the other end to the hub of the bevel gear-wheel t. The motive device which turns the shaft T keeps the spring 25 under tension, its power being adjusted, however, to that of the spring, so that it shall notwind thespring tightly, but when the spring has acquired a certain tension the power of the spring is sufficient to prevent further movement of the motor. The power stored up in the spring keeps shaft G under constant or practically constant tension, irrespective of any irregularities of movement in the driving-motor, and also produces a quick or prompt movement thereof when it is released by the action of the escapement devices. tric motor can be used to supply the power for driving the apparatus and the difficulty which would arise from the inertia of the motorin stopping and starting, it connected directly to the shaft G, can be avoided. A pawl may be applied to any part of the mechanism between the spring and motor to preventthe latter from running down when current is shut off from the motor. The shaft-G oarries or is connected to an escapement-wheel that is released step by step to produce the step-by-step feed of the paper tube through the wheel D and the intermediate gear. It is so constructed as to permit an enlarged or amplified feed movement of the wheels when the end of a line is reached. The main shaft- G' carries also a cam g, that operates upon or controls the devices for giving an axial feed to the paper, as will be presently described.

As an example of a feed-controlling escapementwhich may be employed for producing a step-by-step feed of the paper tube circumferentially and an enlarged or amplified feed at the end of a line an'escapement of the same general character as that described in an application of Charles L. Buckingham, filed April 16, 1894, Serial No. 507,673, has been shown.

An anchor-escapement lever n, Fig. 10,- is vibrated by the operation of a magnet h, whose armature is secured to said lever, the lever being provided with a suitable retractingspring 166 or other suitable device, as shown. The anchor-escapement' has two pallets, engaging, respectively, with escapetnent-wheels indicated at r r These wheels are connected with the shaft G, so as to be rotated By this means an elecl by the power of' the spring i when the teeth are released by the pallets of the anchor.

Owing to the peculiar construction of the escapement devices two toothed escaper'nentwheels r r are employed. One pallet u of the anchor engages with the teeth of wheel r and the other pallet U2 engages with the teeth of the wheel T The latter pallet is movable on the arm of the anchor by which it is carried. For this purpose it is properly pivoted at u on one prong of the lever 10. Against the tail of the pallet bears a spring u the office of which is to move the toe of the pallet backward in a direction opposite to that in which the escapement-wheel rotates, so as to clear the tooth with which it was last engaged when it comes forward'to be engaged by the next tooth of the wheel. Astop n limits the movement of the pallet when it is engaged with the wheel and the latter is permitted to rotate through disengagement of the pallet u. At 23 is a back stop. for the pallet n In order to provide the amplified, or enlarged feed at the end of a line whereby the paper may be fed circumferentially to the beginning of the next line, a blank space q is provided in the wheel r The effect of this, as will be seen from the explanation pres ently to be given, is that when the pallet n has been disengaged from the tooth at the forward end of the space q and by the action of the magnet is moved into said space the wheel, which is at the same time by such movement released, may turn until the tooth at the rear end of the space q engages the toe of the pallet and is stopped thereby. This enlarged or amplified feed-space is adjusted to be sut'fi cient to cover the space or margin (proceeding in the direction of the ordinary feed) from the end of one line circumferentially to the beginning of the next line, the propervertical space-feed being produced in any proper way. Normally the lever u stands in position to hold the pallet u in engagement with a tooth of'the wheel 4, being held in such position by the attraction of the magnet h. The pallet u is disengaged. Simultaneously with the operation of the press-pad the circuit of the magnet h is broken and the anchor to is thereby allowed to move backward, in which movement it brings the pallet'u, into the space between the teeth of the wheel r and in such position as to allow no or very little movement thereof when the pallet 11, leaves the teeth of the wheel r with which it is engaged. In this movement the pallet u engages before the pallet a is disengaged. Attheinstant the pallet 10 is freed from its tooth the spring, acting thereon, moves its point slightly in the arc of a circle around its pivot to such distance that when the lever u moves forward again under the action of the magnet the point of the pallet instead of moving into position to stop the tooth with which it was last engaged will come III iti-

into position to catch the next tooth as soon as the wheels are freed by the movement of the pallet a. As will be seen, therefore, the backward movement of lever it allows no movement of the wheels; but on the forward movement thereof the wheels are freed by the pallet a and allowed to rotate a small distance until again locked by the pallet 1L This latter movement is confined by the stops for the pivoted pallet u, and in this movement a proper feed of the paper is allowed to take place. The magnet h retains the parts in this position until the next operation of the press, when the action is repeated, It will be understood that the first action of the press is to discharge the magnet hand allow the lever a to reeede; but in this action no feed of the paper takes place. The instant, however, the impression has been effected and the press is restored or makes its backward stroke then the magnet h is excited and a release of the wheels takes place to produce the feed of the paper The action of the devices is, therefore, to allow the feed to take place on one movement only of the vibrating armature-lever and yet to secure a positive control of the escapement-wheel.

The action of the magnet may be controlled by any suitable devices or arrangements of circuits, one of which will be hereinafter described and is indicated in the diagram. \Vhen the wheels have rotated to bring the blank space q around opposite pallet u", then the amount of movement will be greatly increased when the magnet h allows the wheels to rotate, the amount being then that of the blank space q plus the amount of movement allowed after the edge of the tooth at the right of the space has engaged the yielding pallet 10 as already explained. This position is the zero position or position for beginning a new line of printing 011 the paper tube. The magnet h is preferably excited on each back movement of the armature-lever for the press-magnet c, said armature-lever controlling through its back stop 74 the circuit of magnet h, as clearly shown in the diagram Fig. 21. At each such excitation the escapement-wheels move one tooth, and a corresponding movement of the paper tube circnmferentially on the support is produced. The gears are so proportioned that the large blank space on the escapement-wheel shall be reached once for each whole revolution of the paper tube, and the tube then moves a long feed-step to cover the margin between the end of one line of printing and the beginning of the next line. At the completion of the movement across the edge of the paper sheet the feed-wheel B is automatically withdrawn from engagement with the paper by the following devices, timed to operate in the proper manner upon the support E for said feed-wheel, and the axial feed device then operates.

E is a rocker-frame swung on the main shaft G or other suitable support and having on one of its arms a segmental gear 6, which engages with a similar segmental gear 0' on an arm of the rocker E. Secured to the rocker E but on the opposite side of its center of swing, is a hook E pivoted on the side of the frame and having a toe e in position to be engaged by a lifter E connected with the escapement-wheel or other portion of the mechanism and timed to engage the hook and lift it, together with the end of the rocker to which it is secured, at the conclusion of the movement of the escapement feed device by the amplified or enlarged feed already referred to. The effect of lifting the hook, as described, will obviously be to depress the feed-wheel B, thus disengaging it from the paper tube and leaving the latter free to be moved axially the adjusted vertical space between lines on the printed page,immediately after which the hook E is released and the parts permitted to return to normal position and bring the wheel B again into engagement with the paper. The lifter E is conveniently clamped upon the main shaft G or other shaft which carries the feed-escapement, as shown in Fig. 12, and its time of engagement with the hook may be adjusted by loosening the clamping devices and setting the lifter at any desired position circumferentially on said shaft. The prompt disengagement of the lifter and hook is insured by means of a pin 6 on a fixed portion of the framework and with which the tail of the hook engages to release the hook just previous to the time when the escapement devices reach the zeropoint and the desired axial feed has been produced.

To insure the stoppage of the paper tube always at the same point after the enlarged or amplified feed, so that the new line shall always begin at the same distance from the margin, a suitable locking device is employed to automatically lock the feed-wheel at the end of the required amplified or enlarged feedmovement. Thislockingobviouslymust take place once for each whole revolution of the tube and of the escapement-wheels and should be made to occur at or just before the lifter engages with the devices by which the paper-feed wheel is itself moved away from engagement withthe paper. The paper-feed wheel being thus positively stopped while engaged with the paper, the latter will always stop at absolutely the same point, which it might not otherwise do if the paper-feed wheel were moved away from it while the said wheel is rotating. Under such circumstances the slight momentum acquired by the paper tube might carry it beyond the proper position which it must have in order that each line may begin at exactly the same distance from the margin.

The cessation of rotary movement of the feed-wheel is provided for by a lost movement in the train of gear between the wheels D and D at each whole revolution, the gearwheels D and D being for this purpose provided with a blank space, which allows movement of the wheel D practically one tooth without moving wheel D During this lost movement the wheel D and consequently feed-wheel B, are positively locked from movement.

The blank on wheel D is indicated at 30, and that on D at 31, Fig. 11. Wheel D is in two parts, one part of which has the blank space, while in the other part where it engages with wheel D there is an unbroken line of teeth around its whole periphery. The blank 30 is formed on the arc of a circle whose center is the axis of rotation of the wheel D, while the blank 31 describes practically the same are, but forms a depression in wheel D so that when the two blanks come to coincidence the wheel D may turn a short space without imparting motion to wheel D but the latter will also be positively locked from movement by the interlocking of the Wheels at the blank space. As soon as the wheel D has movedthe space of one tooth, more or less, with its part 30 engaged with 31, a new tooth on D will engage with a tooth on wheel D and the movement will be taken up again. This blank, or lost space, is near the'end of the blank in the escapement devices, so that the feed-wheel will be brought to'rest after the proper circumferential feed has been produced. When this point is reached, but not until then, the operation of withdrawing the feed-wheel B will take place through the operation of the lifter. Just as soon as it is withdrawn it may be allowed to, begin to rotate again under the operation of the driving mechanism while the latter is producing the axial feed. It should be understood that the wheels D and D have the same number of teeth; but the pitch of the teeth on D is smaller than on D so that D may always leave and take up D at the same point.

While for the sake of convenience and simplicity the means for looking or positively stopping the feed-wheel just prior to its disengagement from the paper are made a part of the gear by which power is applied to turn the wheel, it will be readily understood that the said means might be otherwise constructed or applied without departing from the invention, it being only necessary that they should be timed to come into action as described, so as to positively stop the paper before and at the instant it is freed from the control of the feed-wheel.

When the feed-rollis mounted and connected with the driving-train, as shown, the torque of the wheel D which gears with the wheel (1 mounted on the rocker-frame carrying the feed-roll, is exerted upon the frame in a direction to tend to lift and hold the roll against the paper. This we find in practice to be very desirable, for when the torque is in a directionto depress the wheel the feeding action is irregular and uncertain, even though a spring of considerable tension be applied to the. rocker to hold the wheel up.

The axial feed device operates by frictional engagement with the paper tube, and is composed preferably of a pad of soft rubber B or other suitable material-such as corkmounted on an arm of lever B which in turn is carried by lever B or other suitable reciprocatory support. The support B is engaged at its upper end by the cam g on the main shaft G or other suitable shaft and is moved by said cam in a direction to take a fresh hold upon the paper. When the feed of the paper is to take place, the cam releases the lever, and the latter, under the influence of a spring in which power has been stored by the action of said cam in moving the lever backward,

now moves forward and feeds the paper by the action of the pad B which has been brought up into engagement with the paper automatically through devices connecting with or timed to operate'with those by which the feed-wheel B has been lowered. The spring 25, which actuates the support B, may be applied thereto in any desired way. It is here shown as connected to one arm of the lever which carries the feed-pad, and in such manner as to tend to lift the pad up to engage with the paper. The spring indicated at 25 is fastened at one end to the frame and at the other to the arm of lever B Fig. 13.

As will be obvious, the movement of the lever B to the left will put the spring under additional strain. In order to insure a cessation of this rearward movement of the lever and pad before the feed-pad B is "permitted by proper devices to engage the paper, the end of the cam 9, just before the releasingshoulder is reached, is made straight, as shown at 27, Fig. 8.

The movement of the axial feed-pad upward into engagement with the paper is controlled by means of a connection of lever B with one or the other of the rockers in such way that when the latter are operated to lower wheelB the spring 25 will be permitted to swing the lever B and raise the pad. The

latter will, as is apparent, describe an up- IIO ward and backward movement, thereby causing it to wedge itself slightly on the paper and so as to have a good grip when the lever B is released by the cam. The connection of the lever B and a rocker is shown as consisting of a yoke 28, fastened to the lever, and a link or hanger 29, carried by an arm of rocker E and vertically adjustable thereon, as i11- dicated in Fig. 17. WVhen the latter is operated by the lifter on shaft G, the left-hand end of lever B? is permitted to drop under the action of the spring which lifts the pad. Normally the left-hand end of B is held up by the rocker, which is provided with aproper spring or retractor d, as already explained, which restores it to normal position when the lifter leaves hook E The connection of the axial feed pad or pawl with the devices which lower it are, as seen, such as not to interfere with the backward movement of the feed device preparatory to moving the paper another 

